What are high voltage circuit breakers and types?

What are high voltage circuit breakers and types?


We all know that electrical transmission networks are now protected and controlled by high voltage which varies but the transmission of power work is usually taught to be 72.5KV or higher. 

High voltage circuit breakers are nearly always solenoid-operated with current sensing protective relays operated through a current transformer. 


In substations, the protective relays scheme can be the complete protection equipment and buses from various types or categories of overload or ground or an earth fault.

High voltage circuit breakers are broadly classified by the medium used to extinguish the arc. There are mainly four (4) categories or types of high voltage circuit breakers and these types or categories are namely;


  1. Air Circuit Breakers
  2. Oil Circuit Breakers
  3. SF6 Circuit Breakers
  4. Vacuum Circuit Breakers


Air Circuit Breakers

These are the types or categories of high voltage circuit breakers that are protective electrical devices used to provide protection against an overcurrent flow and protection against shower circuits for the electric circuit that exceeds or it over 800Amps to 10KAmps.



This type or category of high voltage circuit breakers that are normally used in low voltage applications that are lower or below 450V. with Air break circuit breakers, the Arc is initiated and extinguished in a substantial static air toin which the arc moves.


Oil Circuit Breakers

These are the types or categories of high voltage circuit breakers that that protective device under high voltage circuit breakers that uses oil as their dielectric or as their insulating medium for Arc extinction.

In the Oil circuit breaker that is under the types of high voltage circuit breakers, their points of contact of the breakers are made to separate or disconnect within an insulating oil.



SF6 circuit breakers 

These are the types or categories of high voltage circuit breakers that are protective devices (breakers) in which under pressure gas is used to extinguish the Arc. 

SF6 circuit breaker under the types of high voltage circuit breakers simply means (Sulphur Hexafluoride). 



SF6 is the type or category of high voltage circuit breakers that have excellent dielectric or insulation, Arc quenching, chemical, and other physical properties which as a special proved.

Its superiority over the other arc. Quenching mediums such as oil and air.



Vacuum circuit breakers 

 These are the types or categories of high voltage circuit breakers that are protective devices that are the leader or the king of circuit breakers where the arc quenching normally takes place in a vacuum substance or a vacuum medium.


The operation of turning on or switching on and turning off or the closing of the current-carrying contacts and the interrelated arc interruption takes place in the vacuum chamber in the breaker which can also be called a vacuum interrupter.

  

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